语法专题复习(2)倒装句专题讲练
t I、考点聚焦
A. 要点概述英语的正常语序是“主谓紧相连,宾、表、状语在后面”。但是由于句子结构的需要或表示强调,将谓语或谓语的一部分放到主语的前面,这种句式就称之为倒装。倒装又可分为全倒装和半倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前的称为全倒装;只将助动词、be动词或情态放到主语之前的称为半倒装或叫部分倒装。请看下面的两组对比例句:
【例1】The teacher came in.(正常句式)→ In came the teacher.(全倒)
【例2】We can learn English well only in this way.(正常句式)→ Only in this way can we learn English well.(半倒)
B. 具体倒装
1.在以here,there,up,in,out,away,off等表示方位的副词开头的句子里, 主语是名词时, 句子要用倒装,以示强调;但主语是代词时,主谓不倒装。如:
【例3】Away flew the birds. 【例4】Out rushed the children.
2.以only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句(自身不倒装)位于句首时,常用倒装句。如:
【例5】Only in a big city was it possible for him to buy a wheelchair.
【例6】Only after I read the text over again did I know its main idea.
3. 在so(肯定句),neither / nor(否定句)引起的句子中,表示上文所讲的某种情况“也”适合于下文的另一人物时,用倒装。如:【例7】Lucy likes China. So does Lily.
【例8】Tom doesn’t like bananas. Neither / Nor do I.
【注意】如果so不是表示“也”的意思,而是表示“的确”、“果真如此”时,即使它位于句子开头也不用倒装的形式;另外,如果在讲前面的某种情况时既含有动作动词又含有be动词, (或者前面所讲的情况既有肯定又有否定或者两个主语既有人又有物),再讲后面的另一人物“也”是这样时,要用so的特殊句型, 即:So it is with + B. 但还是用正常语序。如:
【例9】John won first prize in the contest. So he did.
【例10】She is a good girl and she likes English very much. So it is with Han Mei.