A
Extreme sports are any sport that involves great speed, height and danger. You need to be very fit to take part in these sports. It can be quite expensive because a lot of special equipment is needed. This type of sport is not usually a team sport like football or rugby. It is what is known as an individual sport because you are alone most of the time.
BASE JUMPING: This is the sport of using a parachute(降落伞) to jump from fixed objects like skyscrapers, high towers, bridges, domes, statues and steep, high mountains. Base jumping can be very dangerous as you compete to be the quickest to reach solid ground.
SKY DIVING: This sport also uses a parachute. Divers are taken up to a certain height in an aeroplane. They have parachutes strapped to their backs. They then jump out of the plane and freefall before opening their parachute at the correct moment. The parachute is to stop them from hitting the ground at a great speed, which would be very dangerous. The most important thing about this sport is knowing when exactly to open the parachute.
ROCK CLIMBING: This is the activity of climbing up and down very steep rock formations. This sport needs special equipment to keep the climbers safe. A climber has to have great strength of body and mind. It is better to climb in small groups, so that there is someone to help in the case of an emergency.
ICE CLIMBING: This is almost the same as rock climbing. The difference is that the climbers are climbing up and down steep walls of ice, such as frozen waterfalls. Special equipment is needed to keep climbers safe. Ice climbing is quite dangerous because ice changes as it melts or freezes. It is really difficult to know exactly how hard or how soft ice will be. Ice breaks easily so climbers need to concentrate very hard when they are climbing.
These are the sports on offer at Shanghai School of Extreme Sports. Now you have to decide which one you would like to do.
1. The text is meant to______.
A. offer a job description B. introduce extreme sports
C. advertise a school D. compare extreme sports
2. Extreme sports can cost a lot because______.
A. it is mostly individual sports
B. it needs a lot of special equipment
C. some of them can be very dangerous
D. they need lots of professional training
3. Why is base jumping dangerous sometimes?
A. You may hit the ground head-first
B. You have to jump from a high place.
C. You must bear the weight of a parachute
D. You may reach the ground at a great speed.
4. In sky diving,the most important thing is to______.
A. open the parachute at the right time B. be brave enough to jump out
C. wear the parachute in the right way D. jump out at a certain height
5. The difference between rock climbing and ice climbing is that______.
A. rock climbing needs special equipment
B. ice changes easily when temperature changes
C. rock climbing should be done in small groups
D. a rock climber has to have great strength of body and mind
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了上海极限运动学校的四种极限运动项目，以此吸引读者报名学习。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段的“These are the sports on offer at Shanghai School of Extreme Sports. Now you have to decide which one you would like to do.”可知，这篇文章主要通过介绍四项极限运动项目吸引读者去上海极限运动学校报名学习。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段的“It can be quite expensive because a lot of special equipment is needed. ”可知，极限运动花费很高的原因在于需要很多特殊装备。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段的“Base jumping can be very dangerous as you compete to be the quickest to reach solid ground.”可知，base jumping危险的原因在于运动者需要以最快的速度到达地面。故选D项。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段的最后一句“The most important thing about this sport is knowing when exactly to open the parachute.”可知，在sky diving中，最重要的是需要准确知道什么时候打开降落伞。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段的“The difference is that the climbers are climbing up and down steep walls of ice, such as frozen waterfalls.”及“Ice climbing is quite dangerous because ice changes as it melts or freezes.”可知，ice climbing与攀岩的不同点在于ice climbing是在冰墙上进行，而冰墙会随着冰的融化或冻结而发生变化，冰的融化或冻结伴随着的是温度的改变。故选B项。
【点睛】应用文中对于目的意图的推断往往在文章开头或结尾，如第1小题，文章意图出现在最后一段。所以考试在解题的时候要培养这样的解题意识，形成解题敏感性。
