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Penguins are a group of water birds flightless. The word penguin first appears in 1. _________16th century referring to the great auk. When European explorers discovered 2. _________are today known as penguins in the Southern Hemisphere, they noticed their similar appearance to the great auk of the Northern Hemisphere, and 3. _________(name) them after this bird, although they are not closely related.
Penguins are only one species living in the Southern Hemisphere. 4. 
(high) adapted for life in the water, penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sealife 5. _________(catch) while swimming underwater. They spend about half of their lives on land and half in the oceans.
There are 18 different species of penguins that 6. _________(find) in varying climates, ranging from Galapagos Penguins on tropical islands at the equator (赤道) to Emperor Penguins living at the icy waters of Antarctica. The largest penguin is the Emperor Penguin which can reach a 7. _________(weigh) of 90 pounds, while the smallest penguin, the Fairy Penguin, weighs only 2 pounds! The Emperor Penguin lives in the 8. 
(cold) habitat (栖息地) of all penguins, with some Antarctic zones 9. _________(reach) a temperature as cold as -40°C or -60°C. Regardless 10. their habitat, all penguins keep a body temperature of between 38°C and 39°C.
【文章大意】本文介绍了企鹅的生活习性和生活环境等。
1. 【解析】 the。考查冠词。表示“第几世纪”, 序数词前面加the, 故填the。
2. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中作主语, 表示“……的东西”, 故填what。
3. 【解析】named。考查时态。和noticed并列作谓语, 所以用过去式, 故填named。
4. 【解析】Highly。考查副词。修饰动词adapted, 所以用副词, 表示“高度地”, 故填Highly。
5. 【解析】caught。考查非谓语动词。catch和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系, 所以用过去分词作后置定语, 故填caught。
6. 【解析】have been found。考查时态和语态。表示截止到现在, 所以用现在完成时态, 主语that指代先行词species, 和find之间是被动关系, 所以用被动语态, 故填have been found。
7. 【解析】weight。考查名词的数。作宾语, 所以用名词, 前面有不定冠词a, 所以用单数名词, 故填weight。
8. 【解析】coldest。考查形容词最高级。后面有表示范围的of all penguins, 所以用形容词最高级作定语, 故填coldest。
9. 【解析】reaching。考查非谓语动词。with的宾语和reach之间是主动关系, 所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填reaching。
10. 【解析】of。考查介词。regardless of不管, 为固定搭配, 故填of。
