A (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ·D)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions，it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits，the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began，each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state，the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit，taking more food than they normally would have. However，they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test，in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case，she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more，so will I．Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect.However，we'll adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion，I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot，I'll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim，why can't I?
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，主要讲述了研究表明，与你一同进食的同伴会影响你的饮食习惯，想要减肥的人应当避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。
1．What is the recent study mainly about?
A．Food safety.
B．Movie viewership.
C．Consumer demand.
D．Eating behavior.
D [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段为全文的主题段，即《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究表明，我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量，而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了饮食行为，故D项正确。]
2．What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Big eaters.
B．Overweight persons.
C．Picky eaters.
D．Tall thin persons.
D [词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”可知，研究表明，与现有的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知，画线词与heavier people含义相反，故D项正确。]
3．Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A．To see how she would affect the participants.
B．To test if the participants could recognize her.
C．To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D．To study why she could keep her weight down.
A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits，the researchers conducted two experiments.”可知，为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验；再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知，聘用演员参加实验旨在查看演员对参加实验的人的饮食习惯的影响，故A项正确。]
4．On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A．How hungry we are.
B．How slim we want to be.
C．How we perceive others.
D．How we feel about the food.
C [推理判断题。根据尾段中的“If this fellow participant is going to eat more，so will I．..because I see the results of his eating habits.”可知，如果这个同伴打算吃得更多，我也会吃得更多；但是，我们将调整影响。如果一个超重的人吃了很多，我会稍微保留一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。据此可以推知，我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果(即如何看待他人)为基础的，故C项正确。]
