A
Frauds（诈骗犯）play complex psychological tricks to fool others,says Colin Barras.and that means anyone can be cheated unless they know what to look for.
None of us likes to be cheated,and David Modic has done some researches on it.It’s the personal passion that has convinced Modic to study the psychology of cheating.He’ s not alone:the field is thriving,and the information that researchers are uncovering is valuable to us all-from those single in search of love to the technology wizards（人才） in charge of the world’s online security.
Modic is particularly interested in what makes people easy to fraud.It’s common to imagine that only the foolish or poorly educated might fall victim-but even hard evidence suggests this is not the ease.Take Paul Frampton,an Oxbridge educated academic professor of physics for example.In 2012 Frampton was given almost 5 years in prison for drug smuggling in Argentina,after falling victim to an online dating frauds.And then there’s John Worley.As a psychotherapist,Worley knows more than most of us about controlling life’s right ways.But in 2005 he was put on trial for bank fraud after becoming a victim of a fraud.This fraud sees people contacted by someone claiming to be a Nigerian government official appealing for help moving large sums of money out of the country — who just requires a little money upfront （预付的）to release the fortune.Worley was found guilty and sentenced to two years in prison.
Intelligent and experience offer no protection against cheaters,says Modic.“If it did,then better educated people and older people would be less likely to fall for scams.And that is not supported by my research.”
To look for answers to that question,Modic and Frank Stajano have quizzed thousands of people,asking them first whether they think various frauds are reasonable—and whether they have fallen victim to them— before asking them to perform a personality test.The research has identified a number of characteristics that people who are victims of frauds seem to in common.Some of these traits—like a lack of self-control— we would probably recognize as dangerous.But others—a trust in authority,a desire to act in the same way as our friends,or a tendency to act in a consistent way—we might think of as good characteristics.
21. According to the passage,the frauds may ________.
A. threaten the world’s online security
B. play their tricks in a consistent way
C. receive much education of psychology
D. have high intelligence to help cheating
22. Paragraph 3 mainly tells us that ________.
A. who and what makes people easy to fraud
B. all walks of life would be likely to fall for scams
C. the poorly educated may be easier to be cheated
D. government officials should be responsible for frauds
23. Modic and Frank Stajano’s researches find out that the victims ________.
A. often follow friends’ actions
B. also share good characteristics
C. are considered to be dangerous
D. shouldn’t have a trust in authority
