省略和替代这两种语言现象一般出现在上下文相同的语境中, 它们的共同目的都是让句子避免重复, 言简意赅。
一、省略
(一)复合句的省略
1. 状语从句由(al)though, as if, until, once, unless, when, whether, where, while等引导, 且同时具备下列两个条件:1)主句和从句的主语一致, 或从句主语为it; 2)从句中的主要动词是be的某种形式。则从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如:
When (the museum is) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
2. 比较状语从句的省略。例如:I’m taller than he (is tall).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is).