一、定语从句
限制性定语从句,前边没有逗号,可以用that引导,从句中缺宾语时引导词可以省略。
非限制性定语从句,前有逗号,不能用that引导,引导词不能省略。
二、关系代词
人 who/that who/whom/that whose 物which/that which/that whose
注意:
1)先行词在从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略(非限制性定语从句不可以);
2) 介词后不能跟 that,who;
3)who在从句中作宾语时为不规范用法。
既缺先行词,又缺引导词的情况,如:
1)Is this factory ____ we visited last year?
2)Is this the factory ____we visited last year?
A. that B. which C. the one D.what
解析:此类题目我们应先将其变为陈述句。1)变后为:This factory is ____ we visited last year.再有其汉语意思“这个工厂是我们去年参观的那一个”。可知1)中缺少先行词,答案中只有项the one 这个代词可以充当。故1)答案 C。
2)变为陈述句后为:This is the factory ____ we visited last year.由此可知此句缺少引导词。切先行词在从句中作宾语,因此答案为A或B.
三、介词前置
从句中与先行词搭配的介词可放到引导词前。
The athlete whom you talked to is a famous runner.= The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner.
但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。
The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.
四、关系副词=介词+关系代词(which)
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.= I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.
such+先行词+as+定语从句
the same+先行词 +as+定语从句
Eg:I like the same book as you do.
五、定语从句中的主谓一致
当引导词在从句中做主语时,从句中谓语动词的单复数由先行词而定。
one of+the+ [C]复数+that/who+定语从句(从句中谓语动词用复数)
the only one of +the+[C]复数+that/who+ 定语从句(从句中谓语动词用单数)
Eg: He is one of the students that are in red.
He is the only one of the students that is in red.
做定语从句题目的基本步骤:1.判断是否为定语从句;2.找出从句中所缺成分(主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语)从而判断是用关系代词还是关系副词;3.找出先行词(看是人、物或者是其他状语)注:缺主语:从句中谓语动词前没有主语。
缺宾语:1.从句中谓语动词为及物动词,后无宾语时;2.从句中介词后无宾语;3.从句中谓语动词为后可跟双宾语的动词,若其后只有一个宾语时,从句中可能缺宾语。(后可跟双宾语的动词有 show、give、ask、buy、tell等。)
不缺宾语的情况:1.被动语态中;2.主系表结构的句子里;3.谓语动词为不及物动词的句子里。
缺表语:从句中系动词后无表语时;
缺定语:从句中的主语与先行词表所属关系时;
缺状语:当以上成分都不缺时。
这些是根据历年高考真题中的高频考点预测的2011年英语高考的知识点,希望同学们认真复习!